Advanced Nuclear and Small Modular Reactors

Our energy landscape is entering a new era of nuclear power. Advanced reactor technologies—blending both proven and novel approaches in cooling, fuel, and modularity—are being actively developed, permitted, and constructed. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Microreactors are reshaping the industry, with major critical components fabricated in controlled production facilities and shipped directly to the build site. This approach dramatically accelerates construction timelines while delivering enhanced quality control and reliability. These innovations also promise a markedly improved safety profile compared with legacy nuclear systems. 

Yet, even as technology advances at a rapid pace, one fundamental requirement remains unchanged: water. While some designs employ the Brayton cycle—using compressed, heated gas as the working fluid—most reactors still rely on the Rankine cycle, demanding high-purity water for steam generation and power conversion. In addition, many designs employ water-cooled condensers rather than air-cooled alternatives, favoring efficiency and performance. These systems require reliable, treated water to ensure equipment longevity and optimal energy extraction. The critical question is not whether nuclear will innovate, but how water technology will evolve alongside it—and who will be the partners to lead that change.